{"id":2039,"date":"2026-06-05T20:34:17","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T20:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039"},"modified":"2026-06-05T20:34:17","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T20:34:17","slug":"federal-court-in-rhode-island-strikes-down-trump-immigration-freeze-based-on-nationality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039","title":{"rendered":"Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality"},"content":{"rendered":"<article>\n<div>\n<p><span>PROVIDENCE \u2014 A federal judge in Rhode Island on Friday struck downTrump administration immigration policies that had halted asylum applications and frozen immigration and citizenship applications, work permits, and green cards for immigrants from 39 African, Asian, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2037\">Trump\u2019s deportation agenda is about to get a $70b infusion from Congress<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>In a scathing 135-page opinion, US District Court Judge John J. McConnell Jr. said that the policies had thrown countless immigrants living in the United States into \u201cindeterminate legal limbo,\u201d solely because of their nationality. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The US Citizenship and Immigration Services had justified its actions with \u201cpretextual concerns of \u2018national security\u2019 that mask anti-immigrant sentiments that it is forbidden from letting influence its decision-making,\u201d the judge wrote.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span>There was no ignoring the impact of the federal government\u2019s policies, McConnell wrote. \u201cOver six months later, many of those individuals remain without work, without legal status, and without any meaningful ability to plan for their futures,\u201d the judge wrote.<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><span>Get Rhode Map<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>A weekday briefing from veteran Rhode Island reporters, focused on the things that matter most in the Ocean State.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><label>Enter Email<\/label><\/p>\n<div><button>Sign Up<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span>McConnell declared the policies were unlawful and vacated them. The coalition of nonprofits and unions that brought the lawsuit cheered the decision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201cThis ruling affirms the American doctrine of the rule of law and a place for refuge and equality for all,\u201d said Omar Bah, the founder and former executive director of the Refugee Dream Center in Providence, one of the plaintiffs. \u201cPeople and the community and families have suffered from all of these arbitrary policies, but today we celebrate.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The policies of the Trump administration \u201chave caused so much distress, family separations, fear and hopelessness, but we always believe in the judiciary that they would declare what is lawful and unlawful. Today we are grateful for that,\u201d Bah said Friday. \u201cWe call on the administration to not ignore court ruling and to start applying the immigration laws as they should.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The administration\u2019s immigration policies came about after two incidents over the last year involving Afghan nationals. Last June, an Afghan national named Nasir Ahmad Tawhedi pleaded guilty in federal court to conspiring and attempting to provide material support and resources to the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham. The US Department of Justice claimed that he planned to commit an attack on Election Day 2024. In November, an Afghan national was charged with shooting two National Guard members, killing one, in Washington, D.C.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>President Trump and then-Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem made incendiary claims about immigrants, with Noem saying she recommended a full travel ban \u201con every damn country that\u2019s been flooding our nation with killers, leeches, and entitlement junkies.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The federal government enacted policies to squeeze immigrants from 39 countries, including Afghanistan. The result was chaos. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201cThe challenged policies have left millions of immigrants in legal uncertainty by indefinitely suspending asylum adjudications, freezing immigration applications for people from countries subject to the administration\u2019s travel ban, reopening previously approved immigration cases, and directing immigration officers to treat nationality as a significant negative factor in their decisions,\u201d McConnell wrote.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>McConnell zinged the anti-immigrant screeds that people coming to the United States should \u201cfollow the law\u201d and \u201cdo things the right way.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2035\">Boxing returns to Fenway with \u2018Round 2\u2019 on Saturday night<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201cThis case serves as a perfect example of immigrants doing just that,\u201d the judge wrote.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>It was USCIS, the federal agency charged with administrating those laws under the federal Department of Homeland Security, that did not follow them, McConnell wrote. The federal agency claimed statutory and regulatory authority that it didn\u2019t possess, made decisions without reasoned explanations, and acted without regard for the reliance interests of the applicants, he wrote.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>And, he said that it was impossible to ignore the \u201cstrong evidence of anti-immigrant animus\u201d that the government held as it enacted those policies. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In response to McConnell\u2019s ruling, Department of Homeland Security\u2019s General Counsel James Percival commented Friday:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201cThe Left has been running the same gambit with so called \u2018animus\u2019 claims since 2017. It is sabotage dressed in legal clothing. It goes like this: (1) the admin is racist, (2) therefore a policy I don\u2019t like is motivated by race, (3) therefore it is invalid. They have used it on virtually every Trump era Department of Homeland Security policy.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nonprofits that aid refugees and immigrants, and unions that represent people from those 39 countries sued USCIS and the Department of Homeland Security. They argued that the policies violated federal immigration law, the US Constitution, and the Administrative Procedure Act.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The coalition includes Refugee Dream Center and Dorcas International Institute of Rhode Island, the Service Employees International Union, International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, African Communities Together, Venezuelan Association of Massachusetts, Partnership for the Advancement of New Americans, and American Gateways. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201cToday is a good day. On behalf of the thousands of immigrants we serve, we are grateful to Judge McConnell for his ruling,\u201d Dorcas CEO Milagro Sique said in a statement. \u201cThese policies were wrong, plain and simple, and caused and profound fear and uncertainty for so many of our friends, neighbors, and coworkers. Having the judicial process work as intended \u2013 by upholding the rule of law -gives us some reassurance that all is not lost and allows those who have been impacted to move forward with their lives in a meaningful way.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>They were represented by Democracy Forward, Lawyers\u2019 Committee for Rhode Island, Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services, Muslim Advocates, and South Asian American Justice Collaborative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201cToday\u2019s decision is a powerful affirmation that the rule of law still protects immigrant communities in Rhode Island and across the country,\u201d said Kevin Love Hubbard, Counsel for the Lawyers\u2019 Committee for Rhode Island. \u201cThe Court recognized that the government cannot throw the lives of immigrants who followed all the rules into indefinite limbo simply because of where they were born. Because of this ruling, and the courage of our Plaintiffs in bringing the case, thousands of families, workers, asylum seekers, and future citizens will now have the opportunity the law promises: to have their applications decided fairly.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201cThis ruling reaffirms a basic principle: the federal government cannot shut down lawful immigration pathways or discriminate against people based on where they come from,\u201d said Skye Perryman, president and CEO of Democracy Forward. \u201cThese unlawful policies caused enormous harm to families, workers, asylum seekers, and communities across the country who were left in limbo, unable to work, access protections, or move forward with their lives. We are pleased that the court recognized the devastating human consequences of these policies. Our communities deserve a fair process governed by law, not political targeting rooted in fear and discrimination.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2033\">Republican Kelly Ayotte and Democrat Cinde Warmington file for N.H. governor\u2019s race, trade barbs<\/a><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Federal policies that had halted asylum, work permits and green cards, left countless immigrants in the United States in \u201cindeterminate legal limbo,\u201d the judge wrote.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2038,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality - Boston Relocation Insider<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality - Boston Relocation Insider\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Federal policies that had halted asylum, work permits and green cards, left countless immigrants in the United States in \u201cindeterminate legal limbo,\u201d the judge wrote.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Boston Relocation Insider\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-05T20:34:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c08a982d5d5e7124cea9158df226037e\"},\"headline\":\"Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-05T20:34:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039\"},\"wordCount\":1158,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/ce6b1ff25edb1c29876fcfe8b06432bb.avif\",\"articleSection\":[\"Politics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039\",\"name\":\"Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality - Boston Relocation Insider\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/ce6b1ff25edb1c29876fcfe8b06432bb.avif\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-05T20:34:17+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c08a982d5d5e7124cea9158df226037e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/ce6b1ff25edb1c29876fcfe8b06432bb.avif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/ce6b1ff25edb1c29876fcfe8b06432bb.avif\",\"width\":1440,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?p=2039#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Boston Relocation Insider\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c08a982d5d5e7124cea9158df226037e\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/50b1ad2e498f523425ee0a8cc5180a210646db1622662a3d56cc405d3e0c346a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/50b1ad2e498f523425ee0a8cc5180a210646db1622662a3d56cc405d3e0c346a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/50b1ad2e498f523425ee0a8cc5180a210646db1622662a3d56cc405d3e0c346a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality - Boston Relocation Insider","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality - Boston Relocation Insider","og_description":"Federal policies that had halted asylum, work permits and green cards, left countless immigrants in the United States in \u201cindeterminate legal limbo,\u201d the judge wrote.","og_url":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039","og_site_name":"Boston Relocation Insider","article_published_time":"2026-06-05T20:34:17+00:00","author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c08a982d5d5e7124cea9158df226037e"},"headline":"Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality","datePublished":"2026-06-05T20:34:17+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039"},"wordCount":1158,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ce6b1ff25edb1c29876fcfe8b06432bb.avif","articleSection":["Politics"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039","url":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039","name":"Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality - Boston Relocation Insider","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ce6b1ff25edb1c29876fcfe8b06432bb.avif","datePublished":"2026-06-05T20:34:17+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c08a982d5d5e7124cea9158df226037e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ce6b1ff25edb1c29876fcfe8b06432bb.avif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ce6b1ff25edb1c29876fcfe8b06432bb.avif","width":1440,"height":1080},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?p=2039#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Federal court in Rhode Island strikes down Trump immigration freeze based on nationality"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/","name":"Boston Relocation Insider","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c08a982d5d5e7124cea9158df226037e","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50b1ad2e498f523425ee0a8cc5180a210646db1622662a3d56cc405d3e0c346a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50b1ad2e498f523425ee0a8cc5180a210646db1622662a3d56cc405d3e0c346a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50b1ad2e498f523425ee0a8cc5180a210646db1622662a3d56cc405d3e0c346a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com"],"url":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2039"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2039\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bostonrelocationinsider.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}